Showing posts with label language. Show all posts
Showing posts with label language. Show all posts

Friday, 27 March 2026

We won the right to speak Indigenous languages in Parliament. Too few leaders use it/Langues autochtones au Parlement : le droit de parler ne suffit plus, il faut oser

We won the right to speak Indigenous languages in Parliament. Too few leaders use it

March 31 is National Indigenous Languages Day in Canada. It should be more than a day of celebration. It should also be a day of discomfort. We have won important victories for Indigenous languages in this country, but too often we do not use them with the courage and regularity those victories demand.

While I was a Member of Parliament from 2015 to 2019, I saw real change. Parliament passed Bill C-91, the Indigenous Languages Act. The House of Commons also made space for Indigenous languages to be interpreted and heard in the Chamber. Conservatives, the Bloc, the NDP, the Green Party and Liberals all agreed to that opening. It was not symbolic. It meant Indigenous languages belonged in the centre of Canadian democracy, not only at its edges.


And yet here is the uncomfortable truth: the service exists, but it is rarely used.

That should trouble Indigenous leaders, especially Indigenous MPs. If you have the right to rise in the House of Commons and speak your language, then you should use it whenever you can. Even if it is only a greeting. Even if it is one sentence. Even if your fluency is imperfect. Use it.

Because language is only alive if it is spoken.

Too often, we settle for the symbol. We pass legislation. We celebrate a commemorative day. We announce funding. We tell ourselves progress has been made. But our youth are asking for something more. At the Assembly of First Nations’ 2024 youth languages and learning forum, young people called for immersion, land-based learning, stronger roles for Elders, more First Nations teachers and real community engagement in language revitalization. They do not want language admired from a distance. They want it lived.

The latest Statistics Canada numbers show progress, but also limits. In 2023–24, nearly 72,000 students were enrolled in Indigenous language programs in public elementary and secondary schools across Canada. That is up from just over 46,000 in 2006–07. Those gains matter. But school programs alone will not save a language if children do not hear adults using it in public life, in leadership and in everyday conversation.

In Cree, we understand that some things are animate and some are inanimate. Some things carry spirit. Language is animate. It lives. But it only lives if we give it breath. A language kept on paper, or used once a year in a ceremonial acknowledgment, begins to lose force. A language spoken in the House of Commons, at the kitchen table, on the phone, in the school hallway and at the front door gains spirit.

This work does not belong only to government. Governments do have obligations. Canada spent generations trying to suppress Indigenous languages through residential schools and other colonial systems. It must help repair that damage. But no government can speak a language back to life for us. That task belongs to Indigenous peoples too, and especially to our leaders. The law can open the door. We still have to walk through it. That includes the AFN who should be translating our languages when holding major meetings.

So say hello in your language. Ask about the weather. Tell someone you are doing well. Say that it is raining. Welcome someone into your home. Ask them to come in. Ask them to sit. These are small acts, but small acts teach children that the language belongs to modern life.

And Indigenous MPs should understand this better than anyone. When they stand in the House and choose not to use the language, even when interpretation is available, they miss a chance to lead. They may think they are avoiding embarrassment. They may think their language is not strong enough. But our children do not need perfection. They need courage. They need to hear leaders try.

If we do not use our languages when we have the chance, why should the next generation believe they matter? If our leaders do not speak them in the very places where we fought to have them heard, then what exactly are we preserving?

Use the language. Use it imperfectly if you must. Use it a little if that is all you have. But use it. Because a language is not kept alive by being praised.

It is kept alive by being spoken.


// Francais //

Nous avons obtenu le droit de parler les langues autochtones au Parlement. Trop peu de leaders s’en servent

 

Le 31 mars est la Journée nationale des langues autochtones au Canada. Cette journée devrait être plus qu’un moment de célébration. Elle devrait aussi être un moment d’inconfort. Nous avons remporté d’importantes victoires pour les langues autochtones dans ce pays, mais trop souvent nous ne les utilisons pas avec le courage et la régularité que ces victoires exigent.

 

Pendant que j’étais député à la Chambre des communes, de 2015 à 2019, j’ai vu de véritables changements. Le Parlement a adopté le projet de loi C-91, la Loi sur les langues autochtones. La Chambre des communes a aussi fait une place pour que les langues autochtones puissent être interprétées et entendues dans l’enceinte parlementaire. Les conservateurs, le Bloc, le NPD, le Parti vert et les libéraux ont tous accepté cette ouverture. Ce n’était pas symbolique. Cela signifiait que les langues autochtones avaient leur place au cœur de la démocratie canadienne, et non seulement à sa périphérie.

 

Et pourtant, voici la vérité inconfortable : le service existe, mais il est rarement utilisé.

Cela devrait inquiéter les leaders autochtones, en particulier les députés autochtones. Si vous avez le droit de vous lever à la Chambre des communes et de parler votre langue, alors vous devriez le faire chaque fois que vous le pouvez. Même si ce n’est qu’une salutation. Même si ce n’est qu’une phrase. Même si votre maîtrise est imparfaite. Utilisez-la.

 

Car une langue n’est vivante que si elle est parlée.

 

Trop souvent, nous nous contentons du symbole. Nous adoptons une loi. Nous soulignons une journée commémorative. Nous annonçons du financement. Nous nous disons que le progrès est là. Mais nos jeunes demandent davantage. Lors du Forum des jeunes sur les langues et l’apprentissage de l’Assemblée des Premières Nations en 2024, ils ont réclamé davantage d’immersion, d’apprentissage sur le territoire, un rôle accru pour les Aînés, plus d’enseignants issus des Premières Nations et une véritable participation des communautés à la revitalisation linguistique. Ils ne veulent pas d’une langue admirée de loin. Ils veulent une langue vécue.

 

Les plus récentes données de Statistique Canada montrent des progrès, mais aussi des limites. En 2023-2024, près de 72 000 élèves étaient inscrits à des programmes de langues autochtones dans les écoles publiques primaires et secondaires du Canada. C’est une hausse par rapport à un peu plus de 46 000 en 2006-2007. Ces gains sont importants. Mais les programmes scolaires à eux seuls ne sauveront pas une langue si les enfants n’entendent pas les adultes l’utiliser dans la vie publique, dans le leadership et dans la conversation quotidienne.

 

En cri, nous comprenons que certaines choses sont animées et que d’autres sont inanimées. Certaines choses portent un esprit. La langue est animée. Elle vit. Mais elle ne vit que si nous lui donnons notre souffle. Une langue conservée sur papier, ou utilisée une fois par année dans une reconnaissance protocolaire, commence à perdre de sa force. Une langue parlée à la Chambre des communes, à la table de cuisine, au téléphone, dans les corridors de l’école et à la porte de la maison gagne en esprit.

 

Ce travail ne relève pas uniquement du gouvernement. Les gouvernements ont bel et bien des obligations. Le Canada a passé des générations à tenter de supprimer les langues autochtones par les pensionnats et d’autres systèmes coloniaux. Il doit contribuer à réparer ces torts. Mais aucun gouvernement ne peut redonner vie à une langue à notre place. Cette tâche revient aussi aux peuples autochtones eux-mêmes, et en particulier à nos leaders. La loi peut ouvrir la porte. 

 

Encore faut-il que nous la franchissions. Cela inclut aussi l’Assemblée des Premières Nations, qui devrait offrir des services de traduction dans nos langues lors de ses grandes rencontres.

Alors, dites bonjour dans votre langue. Parlez du temps qu’il fait. Dites à quelqu’un que vous allez bien. Dites qu’il pleut. Accueillez quelqu’un chez vous. Invitez-le à entrer. Demandez-lui de s’asseoir. Ce sont de petits gestes, mais ce sont justement ces petits gestes qui apprennent aux enfants que la langue appartient à la vie moderne.

 

Et les députés autochtones devraient comprendre cela mieux que quiconque. Lorsqu’ils se lèvent à la Chambre et choisissent de ne pas utiliser leur langue, même lorsque l’interprétation est disponible, ils manquent une occasion de faire preuve de leadership. Ils pensent peut-être éviter l’embarras. Ils pensent peut-être que leur langue n’est pas assez forte. Mais nos enfants n’ont pas besoin de perfection. Ils ont besoin de courage. Ils ont besoin d’entendre leurs leaders essayer.

 

Si nous n’utilisons pas nos langues lorsque nous en avons la possibilité, pourquoi la prochaine génération croirait-elle qu’elles comptent? Si nos leaders ne les parlent pas précisément dans les lieux où nous avons lutté pour qu’elles soient entendues, alors qu’est-ce que nous cherchons exactement à préserver?

 

Utilisez la langue. Utilisez-la imparfaitement s’il le faut. Utilisez-en un peu, si c’est tout ce que vous avez. Mais utilisez-la. Car une langue ne reste pas vivante parce qu’on en fait l’éloge.

 

Elle reste vivante parce qu’on la parle.

 

Les députés parlent, mais en silence.
Ils ont du son, mais sans résonance.
Nos enfants entendent, sans toujours comprendre.
Il faut rendre à la langue le souffle de vie.

 

https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810029901

https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3710007801


https://ici.radio-canada.ca/espaces-autochtones/2242116/langues-autochtones-droit-preservation-leaders-jeunes #autochtones #cdnpoli 

Thursday, 3 January 2013

Michif: a Language Born and Near Death on our Native Land.

This was an opinion piece I had sent to a number of news papers, but I never received much of a reply, it seems that Aboriginal languages are not interesting enough so I will publish it here. The National Post said it does not fit within their news parameters. Perhaps its a bit long, but you are all intelligent people. I also talked about Aboriginal languages with Radio-Canada on Oct 24, 2012 after the release of new stats that showed how they are declining.

Michif: a Language Born and Near Death on our Native Land.

Canada’s Aboriginal languages are dying and they are dying very quickly. In 2008 the United Nations dedicated it as the International Year of Languages, warning that thousands of languages face eventual extinction. Canada a rich nation and a member of the G8 has done little since then to save the cultural treasures which were born of our native soil. Around the world a language dies on average every two weeks and many aboriginal languages in Canada are among those considered in peril. The statistics from the 2011 census hide some terrible facts about the state of these Indigenous languages of Canada. While Anishnaabe and Cree (Nehiyaw) both have large speakers with people as second and mother tongue speakers it seems that by delving deeper into the statistics we are able to arrive at some startling discoveries. Dale McCreery a Métis from British Columbia and a linguist conducted a study of Cree language. Now, why would a Métis (Michif) be interested in the Cree? He wanted to interview adult learners who had learned to speak the Cree language not as a mother tongue, but as a second language to better understand “the challenges facing adult learners of Cree [which] would likely mirror many of the challenges facing adult learners of Michif.” Cree was not something they regularly spoke at home even though grandparents and parents might have spoken the languages. He was fascinated about the techniques of how they learned and what enabled them to speak the language with English as their mother tongue. According to Statistics Canada there are over 14 630 people who speak Cree as a second language in Canada and 83 475 as a primary language. This should make Dale’s time very easy finding how Cree has managed to survive so easily compared to other Indigenous language. Unfortunately Dale only managed to find 6-8 speakers who could hold a conversation and who had learned Cree as a secondary language. It seems the statistics are not telling us the entire picture. There are many people who have taken Cree in universities, technical colleges and school, but it seems that these institutions have failed in enabling us to learn the language. It seems many people write down information in the census which is not entirely true.

What is the actual state of Cree? Many are writing down that their language skills are better than they seem due to issues of identity. This is probably the same for both mother and secondary speakers. I had an uncle who very rarely had the chance to speak Cree which he learned as a child. He went to residential school and did not teach the language to his children and they did not teach it to their children. When his daughter would attempt to learn a few words such as hello (Tansay, Monanaantow) he would say you are speaking all wrong. She felt that she was not good and did not want to attempt to try again. Many of the secondary language learners at universities feel great social pressure as Cree people to know their language. Many prayers are conducted in Cree by the knowledge keepers and they cannot follow the words, but because it is not an appropriate time to ask questions of what certain words mean they never learn the understanding of the prayers. Often by the end of the university courses students are able to do multiple choice tests and even understand some of the seemingly complicated verb endings, but unfortunately they are often unable to hold a conversation. At one university Cree course I took, every week I would introduce myself in Cree to my fellow students, but they could not even recognize the word hello (Tansay). They had finished taking 13 weeks of Cree language classes and will now indicate on the census form that they have some knowledge of the language, but they cannot say hello.  They have wasted their time and money and we have wasted the opportunity to have someone who can preserve a language. The statistics give our Canadian and Aboriginal leaders a false sense of security about the languages. The Senate is writing a report about the Aboriginal languages and they will indicate that only 6 to 7 will have a reasonable possibility of survival in the next 20 years. My uncle and elder told me in no uncertain terms that Cree would no longer be spoken in 20 years except by a few pockets scattered across the country. I would say “come on uncle all the experts say Cree is the strongest, we will survive.” But in the cities who speaks Cree? Winnipeg with a population of 60 000 Aboriginal people supposedly has 2000 speakers of Cree. I have met very few though and the ones I have met are invariably elders. We believe the reserves will unquestionably maintain the language, but I am not sure because one of the findings of Dale is that when a school gets a Cree language class into the elementary and high schools the families will stop speaking Cree at home because it is now the schools responsibility. I have been to few reserve communities and when I try to use my broken Cree with some of the young students who want to go to university, they cannot even carry on a simple conversation. The elders can, but the young are too busy watching TV in English, using their iPhone in English and studying at school in English. The language is dying on reserves as well and is maintained only by a few die hard traditionalists. Invariably situations of herd mentality arise. As an example when you have a group of francophones and you add just one anglophone the conversation will invariably end up in English because humans are social animals and we want and need to have communication. It is just easier to speak English, because if the young person cannot understand you then you must take time.

The Louis Riel Institute on November 1 and 2, 2012 organized a mini-conference and workshop with speakers of the Michif language. Michif is the most unique language in the world traditionally spoken by the Métis or Michif people. It is a combination Cree and French. The verbs are based on Cree and the nouns are based on French. Linguists come from around the world to study this unique language. There are currently 640 speakers of Michif in the prairies. The few speakers left who came together with funding from the Aboriginal Language Initiative of Heritage Canada. The elders were concerned in finding how they can preserve their culture and language. It was an emotional few days where you could feel the weight of the many challenges facing those who care about a nation and culture born 300 years ago upon the prairies. Many of the fluent speakers are not getting younger, like elder Rita Flamond who is 81 from Camperville with a passion for her language and a writer of many books. There are though groups creating new initiatives like Leah Laplante, Verna DeMontigny and Norman Fleury from Brandon who hold Family Michif languages classes in the southwest region of the Manitoba Métis Federation and Louis Riel Institute, that are funded through the Aboriginal Language Initiative of Canadian Heritage. While Heritage Canada has been very good at dividing the monies between different language groups across Canada this is certainly just a start.


The saving of a language will be hard daunting fight, but when you take the time to consider how to do so invariably it will be with our children. Children spend 7 hours a day in schools across this province. Unfortunately there are no classes offered in the schools for Michif in Manitoba. My children attend the Manitoba French School Board (DSFM) where they fly the Métis flags, but yet there is little integration of Michif culture into the curriculum. This is not new, for all provincial schools are struggling with integrating a general Aboriginal culture into schools and some more than others. While the DSFM has been very good at preserving a general French culture many of the students like my children are not only French, but the sons and daughters of the Métis, the Michif, a people of bridges and connections. I personally would like to see more done.

You may ask what am I doing, well I have decided that the University of Manitoba will do its part by offering not only Michif languages courses, but Cree and Anishnaabe as well.  Currently there are few university courses in the entire country teaching the Michif language and none in Manitoba. We will not make the mistake of having people who take a language class and can only tell you the names of colours and few numbers, but attempt to teach the real learning of an Aboriginal idea of relationship. We will allow the families including parents, children and grandparents to come together and learn the language. This is a first for university level courses. Participants should be able to learn simple commands that families can use in their daily lives, which they can practise with their children. While this is only a small drop in the bucket of the great need to preserve a language and culture of a people, we each have a role to play. I am committed to finding other initiatives which will allow this unique language not to fade away on the land of its birth. I encourage those who are interested by our Aboriginal languages to advocate and demand that services be made available to preserve our cultures which are older than time.

Marci akwa khitwam.

Dr Robert Falcon Ouellette is a Program Director with the Aboriginal Focus Programs at the University of Manitoba and runs a blog At the Edge of Canada: Indigenous Research www.attheedgeofcanada.blogspot.com 




Citations

Thursday, 13 December 2012

Saving Anishnaabe one app at a time, Darrick Baxter and Ogoki Learning

This is another late night stairwell interview and conversation I had with Darrick Baxter, the dynamic President of Ogoki Learning Systems who developed an app or application for the Ojibway/Anishnaabe language. We discuss why he would do such a thing, the importance of language, and why he has made the source code free to all Indigenous language users who want to create their own language apps to save their languages. We had just heard the Chief Clarence Louis speak at the Aboriginal Chamber of Commerce Gala Dinner on Nov 14, 2012.
In 2008 the United Nations dedicated it as the International Year of Languages, warning that thousands of languages face eventual extinction. Canada a rich nation and a member of the G8 has done little since then to save the cultural treasures which were born of our native soil. Around the world a language dies on average every two weeks and many aboriginal languages in Canada are among those considered in peril.
I was so inspired after having spoken to him that I decided to use his source code and create the same app for Michif and Nehiyaw (Cree). I hope we can have the same impact on our young Cree and Michif people. The image comes from Darrick's web-site and as you can see he is able to create some great looking stuff. Now I just need to find the money!!!
More information can be found on his web-site Ojibway People and Language – The new native language app from Ogoki Learning Systems Inc.

Citations

Monday, 23 January 2012

Nooksack Place Names: Brent Galloway & Allan Richardson

This is a 2 part conversation with Brent Galloway and Allan Richardson about their work with the Nooksack people and language. Their important and recent book Nooksack Place Names: Geography, Culture, and Language  looks at the knowledge of elders about the place names in traditional Nooksack territory.  This part of their 30 years research and collaborative work with the Nooksack people and nation.

Sample Chapter
http://www.ubcpress.ca/books/pdf/chapters/2011/NooksackPlaceNames.pdf

http://www.amazon.ca/Nooksack-Place-Names-Geography-Language/dp/product-description/0774820462


To Learn more (podcast of the interview with Brent and Allan on Nooksack Places Names)